Taburi primare

• Afișează
• Devel

Taburi secundare

• Definiție
• Alias cale
• Randare
• Încarcă
• Load (with references)
• Tokens

array:32 [
  "nid" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "11079"
    ]
  ]
  "uuid" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "4bcdb642-109b-43bf-8b53-0553a58872d3"
    ]
  ]
  "vid" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "14072"
    ]
  ]
  "langcode" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "hu"
    ]
  ]
  "type" => array:1 [
    0 => array:3 [
      "target_id" => "article"
      "entity" => array:13 [
        "uuid" => "dff7fd6b-6f35-4278-96b7-689105ef8b67"
        "langcode" => "hu"
        "status" => true
        "dependencies" => array:1 [
          "module" => array:2 [
            0 => "menu_ui"
            1 => "scheduler"
          ]
        ]
        "third_party_settings" => array:2 [
          "menu_ui" => array:2 [
            "available_menus" => array:1 [
              0 => "main"
            ]
            "parent" => "main:"
          ]
          "scheduler" => array:12 [
            "expand_fieldset" => "when_required"
            "fields_display_mode" => "vertical_tab"
            "publish_enable" => true
            "publish_past_date" => "publish"
            "publish_past_date_created" => false
            "publish_required" => false
            "publish_revision" => true
            "publish_touch" => false
            "show_message_after_update" => true
            "unpublish_enable" => true
            "unpublish_required" => false
            "unpublish_revision" => true
          ]
        ]
        "_core" => array:1 [
          "default_config_hash" => "AeW1SEDgb1OTQACAWGhzvMknMYAJlcZu0jljfeU3oso"
        ]
        "name" => "Articol"
        "type" => "article"
        "description" => "Folosiți <em>articole</em> pentru conținut dependent de timp, cum ar fi știri, comunicate de presă sau articole de blog."
        "help" => null
        "new_revision" => true
        "preview_mode" => 0
        "display_submitted" => true
      ]
      "bundle" => "node_type"
    ]
  ]
  "revision_timestamp" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "1682241120"
    ]
  ]
  "revision_uid" => array:1 [
    0 => array:3 [
      "target_id" => "0"
      "entity" => array:64 [
        "uid" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "0"
          ]
        ]
        "uuid" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "0513d781-3c5b-439b-8aed-d8ec7379dd15"
          ]
        ]
        "langcode" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "hu"
          ]
        ]
        "preferred_langcode" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "hu"
          ]
        ]
        "preferred_admin_langcode" => []
        "name" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => ""
          ]
        ]
        "pass" => []
        "mail" => []
        "timezone" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => ""
          ]
        ]
        "status" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "0"
          ]
        ]
        "created" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "1673544013"
          ]
        ]
        "changed" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "1673544013"
          ]
        ]
        "access" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "0"
          ]
        ]
        "login" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "0"
          ]
        ]
        "init" => []
        "roles" => []
        "default_langcode" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "1"
          ]
        ]
        "path" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "langcode" => "hu"
          ]
        ]
        "field_a_tag_feliratkozik_a_hirle" => []
        "field__orvosi_szakma" => []
        "field_a_tag_nevenek_szuletesi_ev" => []
        "field_bevezeto" => []
        "field_cnp" => []
        "field_cuim" => []
        "field_date_of_expiration" => []
        "field_date_of_issue" => []
        "field_e_mail" => []
        "field_egyetemi_hallgato" => []
        "field_firstname" => []
        "field_fogalkozas" => []
        "field_i_have_a_romanian_personal" => []
        "field_id_validation_type" => []
        "field_iranyitoszam" => []
        "field_iranyitoszam_levelezes" => []
        "field_issuer_of_id_passport" => []
        "field_levelezes_telepules_egyeb" => []
        "field_levelezesi_cim" => []
        "field_mail_same_residency" => []
        "field_megye" => []
        "field_megye_levelezes" => []
        "field_munkahely_kepzesi" => []
        "field_name" => []
        "field_nr_of_id_passport" => []
        "field_nyug_elott_foglalkozas" => []
        "field_nyugallomanyu" => []
        "field_oneletrajz" => []
        "field_orvosi_egyetemi_szint" => []
        "field_orvosi_klinikai_szint" => []
        "field_orvosi_megnevezes" => []
        "field_orvosi_szakterulet" => []
        "field_orvosi_tagdij_tipusa" => []
        "field_phone_number" => []
        "field_place_of_birth" => []
        "field_postacim" => []
        "field_szakosztaly" => []
        "field_szuletesi_datum" => []
        "field_tagdij_tipusa" => []
        "field_tagsag_kezdete" => []
        "field_telepules_egyeb" => []
        "field_telepules_levelezes" => []
        "field_telepules_magyar_neve" => []
        "field_tudomasul_vettem_az_adatve" => []
        "field_utolso_fizetes" => []
        "user_picture" => []
      ]
      "bundle" => "user"
    ]
  ]
  "revision_log" => []
  "status" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "1"
    ]
  ]
  "uid" => array:1 [
    0 => array:3 [
      "target_id" => "0"
      "message" => "Recursion detected."
      "array_path" => "revision_uid.0.entity"
    ]
  ]
  "title" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "Emlékezés „Erdély Széchenyijére" "
    ]
  ]
  "created" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "1476406800"
    ]
  ]
  "changed" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "1682241120"
    ]
  ]
  "promote" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "1"
    ]
  ]
  "sticky" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "0"
    ]
  ]
  "default_langcode" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "1"
    ]
  ]
  "revision_default" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "1"
    ]
  ]
  "revision_translation_affected" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "1"
    ]
  ]
  "path" => array:1 [
    0 => array:3 [
      "alias" => "/hir/emlekezes-erdely-szechenyijere"
      "pid" => "7148"
      "langcode" => "hu"
    ]
  ]
  "publish_on" => []
  "unpublish_on" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "0"
    ]
  ]
  "menu_link" => []
  "content_translation_source" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "und"
    ]
  ]
  "content_translation_outdated" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "0"
    ]
  ]
  "body" => array:1 [
    0 => array:3 [
      "value" => "<p>Gr&oacute;f h&iacute;dv&eacute;gi Mik&oacute; Imre (Zabola, 1805. szeptember 4. &ndash; Kolozsv&aacute;r, 1876. szeptember 16.) hal&aacute;l&aacute;nak 140. &eacute;vfordul&oacute;ja alkalm&aacute;b&oacute;l p&eacute;lda&eacute;rt&eacute;kk&eacute;nt k&ouml;teless&eacute;g&uuml;nknek &eacute;rezz&uuml;k felid&eacute;zni az erd&eacute;lyi magyar &aacute;llamf&eacute;rfi, m&#369;vel&#337;d&eacute;s- &eacute;s gazdas&aacute;gpolitikus, t&ouml;rt&eacute;n&eacute;sz p&aacute;ratlanul gazdag tev&eacute;kenys&eacute;g&eacute;t.<br><br>Erd&eacute;ly politikai &eacute;let&eacute;nek halad&oacute; szeml&eacute;let&#369;, meghat&aacute;roz&oacute; t&ouml;rt&eacute;nelmi alakja volt. K&eacute;t alkalommal (1848, 1860&ndash;1861) Erd&eacute;ly f&#337;korm&aacute;nyz&oacute;ja, 1867 &eacute;s 1870 k&ouml;z&ouml;tt Magyarorsz&aacute;g k&ouml;zmunka- &eacute;s k&ouml;zleked&eacute;s&uuml;gyi minisztere. A k&ouml;zm&#369;vel&#337;d&eacute;s &eacute;s k&ouml;z&eacute;let ter&eacute;n f&aacute;radhatatlanul munk&aacute;lkodott haz&aacute;ja, k&uuml;l&ouml;n&ouml;sen Erd&eacute;ly gazdas&aacute;gi, kultur&aacute;lis &eacute;s tudom&aacute;nyos felemelked&eacute;s&eacute;n, ki&eacute;rdemelve ezzel az &bdquo;Erd&eacute;ly Sz&eacute;chenyije" jelz&#337;t.<br><br>Gr&oacute;f Mik&oacute; Imre kiemelked&#337; tev&eacute;kenys&eacute;g&eacute;&eacute;rt &eacute;s haz&aacute;ja ir&aacute;nti &aacute;ldozatk&eacute;szs&eacute;g&eacute;&eacute;rt kort&aacute;rsait&oacute;l m&eacute;lt&aacute;n &eacute;rdemelte ki ezt a jelz&#337;t. &bdquo;P&aacute;ly&aacute;ja annyiban volt m&aacute;s, mint legkiemelked&#337;bb nemzett&aacute;rsai&eacute;, hogy &iacute;ve nem a reformkorban vagy 1848-ban &eacute;rt el a cs&uacute;csra, hanem a vil&aacute;gosi fegyverlet&eacute;tel ut&aacute;n, amikor az erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;got egzisztenci&aacute;lis veszedelem fenyegette." (Egyed &Aacute;kos, Mik&oacute; Imre gr&oacute;f Erd&eacute;ly mez&#337;gazdas&aacute;g&aacute;&eacute;rt, Kolozsv&aacute;r 2001., RMKT).<br><br>Felkarolta a nemzeti nyelv &uuml;gy&eacute;t<br><br>Gr&oacute;f Mik&oacute; Imre Zabol&aacute;n sz&uuml;letett, majd 1813-t&oacute;l a nagyenyedi reform&aacute;tus koll&eacute;giumban tanult, ahol latin &eacute;s n&eacute;met nyelvet is elsaj&aacute;t&iacute;tott. Emellett a latin &eacute;s g&ouml;r&ouml;g klasszikusokon alapul&oacute; filoz&oacute;fi&aacute;t, g&ouml;r&ouml;g, r&oacute;mai &eacute;s n&eacute;met irodalmat, a t&ouml;rt&eacute;nelem &eacute;s matematika mellett a fels&#337;bb jogi tanfolyamon k&ouml;z- &eacute;s mag&aacute;njogot, term&eacute;szettudom&aacute;nyt, erk&ouml;lcstant, &aacute;llamt&ouml;rt&eacute;netet, valamint oklev&eacute;ltant tanult.<br>M&aacute;r az 1830-as &eacute;s 1840-es &eacute;vekben bekapcsol&oacute;dott az erd&eacute;lyi reform&aacute;tus egyh&aacute;z, az oktat&aacute;s &eacute;s a kolozsv&aacute;ri magyar sz&iacute;nh&aacute;z &uuml;gykezel&eacute;s&eacute;be, de int&eacute;zm&eacute;nyszervez&#337;i munk&aacute;ss&aacute;ga igaz&aacute;n a politikai k&eacute;ny&shy;szer&shy;-vissza&shy;vonults&aacute;g &eacute;veiben, az 1850-es &eacute;vekben indult el.<br><br>Felkarolta a nemzeti nyelv &uuml;gy&eacute;t, az ismeretek terjeszt&eacute;s&eacute;t, az erd&eacute;lyi k&ouml;zm&#369;vel&#337;d&eacute;si, oktat&aacute;si &eacute;s j&oacute;t&eacute;konys&aacute;gi int&eacute;zeteket, amelyeknek eg&eacute;sz sora neki k&ouml;sz&ouml;nheti megalakul&aacute;s&aacute;t, l&eacute;t&eacute;t vagy felvir&aacute;gz&aacute;s&aacute;t. Az itt r&eacute;szletezett egyes&uuml;letek alak&iacute;t&aacute;sa mellett &uacute;jj&aacute;szervezte az 1848 ut&aacute;n boml&aacute;snak indult Erd&eacute;lyi K&ouml;lcs&ouml;n&ouml;s J&eacute;g- &eacute;s T&#369;zk&aacute;rment&#337; T&aacute;rsas&aacute;got. 1856-ban megalap&iacute;totta &eacute;s 1859-ig szerkesztette a Kolozsv&aacute;ri K&ouml;zl&ouml;ny c&iacute;m&#369; politikai hetilapot, ennek &oacute;vad&eacute;k&aacute;t is a saj&aacute;tj&aacute;b&oacute;l fizette. Anyagilag, saj&aacute;t forr&aacute;saib&oacute;l t&aacute;mogatta Gyergyai Ferenc A magyar nyelv saj&aacute;ts&aacute;gair&oacute;l c&iacute;m&#369; nyelv&eacute;szeti munk&aacute;j&aacute;nak (1856) &eacute;s Kriza J&aacute;nos Vadr&oacute;zs&aacute;k c&iacute;m&#369; sz&eacute;kely n&eacute;pk&ouml;lt&eacute;si gy&#369;jtem&eacute;ny&eacute;nek (1863) megjelentet&eacute;s&eacute;t.<br><br>Mindemellett r&eacute;szt vett az erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;n (ASTRA) &eacute;s sz&aacute;sz (Verein f&uuml;r siebenb&uuml;rgische Landeskunde) m&#369;vel&#337;d&eacute;si egyes&uuml;letek munk&aacute;j&aacute;nak beind&iacute;t&aacute;s&aacute;ban is. K&ouml;zm&#369;vel&#337;d&eacute;si, tudom&aacute;nyszervez&#337;i &eacute;s mec&eacute;n&aacute;si tev&eacute;kenys&eacute;ge azonban nem csup&aacute;n Erd&eacute;ly kultur&aacute;lis felemelked&eacute;s&eacute;re ir&aacute;nyult, hanem szervez&#337;munk&aacute;j&aacute;val &eacute;s anyagi &aacute;ldozatt&eacute;teleivel az &ouml;sszmagyars&aacute;g k&ouml;zm&#369;vel&#337;d&eacute;s&eacute;t is szolg&aacute;lta. 1860-ban 4000 forintos adom&aacute;nnyal j&aacute;rult hozz&aacute; a Magyar Tudom&aacute;nyos Akad&eacute;mia t&ouml;rzst&#337;k&eacute;j&eacute;hez, 1867-t&#337;l hal&aacute;l&aacute;ig a Magyar T&ouml;rt&eacute;nelmi T&aacute;rsulat els&#337; eln&ouml;ke volt.<br><br>Erd&eacute;ly oktat&aacute;s&uuml;gye mellett kor&aacute;n elk&ouml;telezte mag&aacute;t, m&aacute;r 1838-ban megv&aacute;lasztott&aacute;k a nagyenyedi reform&aacute;tus koll&eacute;gium f&#337;kur&aacute;tor&aacute;v&aacute;, 1840-ben pedig az erd&eacute;lyi reform&aacute;tus egyh&aacute;zi f&#337;tan&aacute;cs egyik f&#337;gondnok&aacute;v&aacute;. Ebben a tiszts&eacute;g&eacute;ben k&ouml;teless&eacute;g&eacute;nek &eacute;rezte, hogy a reform&aacute;tus iskol&aacute;k &uuml;gy&eacute;vel foglalkozzon, &eacute;s anyagi t&aacute;mogat&aacute;ssal seg&iacute;tsen neh&eacute;zs&eacute;geiken.<br><br>Mik&oacute; gr&oacute;f 1850. augusztus 13-&aacute;n Erd&eacute;ly korm&aacute;nyz&oacute;jak&eacute;nt enged&eacute;lyezte a kolozsv&aacute;ri, a marosv&aacute;s&aacute;rhelyi &eacute;s a sz&eacute;kely&shy;udvarhelyi reform&aacute;tus koll&eacute;gium megnyit&aacute;s&aacute;t, &eacute;s int&eacute;zkedett, hogy a nagyenyedi int&eacute;zet ism&eacute;t koll&eacute;giumk&eacute;nt m&#369;k&ouml;dhessen. P&aacute;rhuzamosan rendezte az iskola vagyoni helyzet&eacute;t, helyre&aacute;ll&iacute;ttatta &eacute;p&uuml;let&eacute;t, gyarap&iacute;totta k&ouml;nyvt&aacute;r&aacute;t &eacute;s r&eacute;gi&eacute;rem-gy&#369;jtem&eacute;ny&eacute;t. 1863-ban a koll&eacute;giumnak adom&aacute;nyozta 823 k&ouml;tetes k&ouml;nyvgy&#369;jtem&eacute;ny&eacute;t, amely g&ouml;r&ouml;g &eacute;s r&oacute;mai klasszikusokat &eacute;s 23 &#337;snyomtatv&aacute;nyt tartalmazott.<br><br>T&aacute;mogat&aacute;sban r&eacute;szes&iacute;tette a kolozsv&aacute;ri, a zilahi, a sz&aacute;szv&aacute;rosi, a marosv&aacute;s&aacute;rhelyi, a sz&eacute;&shy;kely&shy;udvarhelyi reform&aacute;tus koll&eacute;giumokat, illetve a Ko&oacute;s Ferenc-f&eacute;le bukaresti reform&aacute;tus iskola &eacute;p&iacute;t&eacute;s&eacute;t. Anyagi seg&iacute;ts&eacute;g&eacute;vel alakult meg 1859-ben Sepsiszentgy&ouml;rgy&ouml;n a Sz&eacute;kely Mik&oacute; Koll&eacute;gium, s t&aacute;mogatta a kolozsv&aacute;ri reform&aacute;tus teol&oacute;giai akad&eacute;mi&aacute;t is. Befoly&aacute;s&aacute;t latba vetve nagy r&eacute;sze volt a Kolozsv&aacute;ri Tudom&aacute;nyegyetem l&eacute;trej&ouml;tt&eacute;ben, az &aacute;ltala kor&aacute;bban megszervezett Erd&eacute;lyi M&uacute;zeum-Egyes&uuml;let kolozsv&aacute;ri gy&#369;jtem&eacute;nyei &aacute;tad&aacute;s&aacute;val, az egyetem hely&eacute;nek kiv&aacute;laszt&aacute;s&aacute;ban (Mik&oacute;-kert) is fontos szerepet j&aacute;tszottak. Mik&oacute; Imre javaslat&aacute;ra az egyes&uuml;let a gy&#369;jtem&eacute;nyeket &aacute;tengedte az egyetem haszn&aacute;lat&aacute;ba.<br><br>Erd&eacute;ly felemelked&eacute;se foglalkoztatta<br><br>Az uralkod&oacute; 1847. okt&oacute;ber 12-&eacute;n erd&eacute;lyi kincst&aacute;rnokk&aacute; nevezte ki, bels&#337; titkos tan&aacute;csosi c&iacute;mmel. P&aacute;rtokhoz nem csatlakozott, de mind a nemzeti liber&aacute;lis, mind a konzervat&iacute;v p&aacute;rt elitj&eacute;vel j&oacute; kapcsolatokat &aacute;polt. 1848. november 14-&eacute;n a magyarorsz&aacute;gi k&ouml;zv&eacute;lem&eacute;ny meglepet&eacute;s&eacute;re az uralkod&oacute; Mik&oacute;t nevezte ki az erd&eacute;lyi gubernium &eacute;l&eacute;re, igaz, alig egy h&oacute;napnyi hivatalvisel&eacute;s ut&aacute;n lev&aacute;ltott&aacute;k a gubernium &eacute;l&eacute;r&#337;l.<br><br>A megsz&aacute;llt Erd&eacute;lyben Mik&oacute; Imr&eacute;nek csal&aacute;di, lelki megpr&oacute;b&aacute;ltat&aacute;sok mellett birtok&aacute;t is lefoglalt&aacute;k. Megtanulta az eszterg&aacute;lyoz&aacute;st, &eacute;s k&iacute;s&eacute;rletezett a f&eacute;nyk&eacute;pez&eacute;ssel is. V&eacute;g&uuml;l mivel hivatalosan nem fogt&aacute;k perbe, j&oacute;sz&aacute;gait, birtok&aacute;t visszakapta, &eacute;s kincst&aacute;rnoki tiszts&eacute;g&eacute;re tekintettel k&eacute;s&#337;bb nyugd&iacute;jban r&eacute;szes&uuml;lt. &Eacute;lete h&aacute;tral&eacute;v&#337; r&eacute;sz&eacute;t a k&ouml;znek, f&#337;leg Erd&eacute;ly gazdas&aacute;gi &eacute;s m&#369;vel&#337;d&eacute;si felemelked&eacute;s&eacute;nek szentelte. Az Erd&eacute;lyi Gazdas&aacute;gi Egyes&uuml;let (1854) &eacute;s az Erd&eacute;lyi M&uacute;zeum-Egyes&uuml;let (1859) megalap&iacute;t&aacute;sa mellett fontos szerepet j&aacute;tszott a Kolozsv&aacute;ri Tudom&aacute;nyegyetem l&eacute;trehoz&aacute;s&aacute;ban is (1872).<br><br>T&aacute;mogatta a kolozsv&aacute;ri Nemzeti Sz&iacute;nh&aacute;zat, &ouml;szt&ouml;n&ouml;zte a korszer&#369; mez&#337;gazdas&aacute;g &eacute;s az oktat&aacute;s&uuml;gy kibontakoz&aacute;s&aacute;t, s tev&eacute;kenyen r&eacute;szt v&aacute;llalt az Erd&eacute;lyi Reform&aacute;tus Egyh&aacute;zker&uuml;let k&ouml;z&uuml;gyeib&#337;l is. Szerkeszt&#337;je &eacute;s kiad&oacute;ja volt az Erd&eacute;lyi t&ouml;rt&eacute;nelmi adatok h&aacute;rom k&ouml;tet&eacute;nek (1855&ndash;1858), ezzel tudom&aacute;nyszervez&#337;k&eacute;nt megteremtette az erd&eacute;lyi t&ouml;rt&eacute;net&iacute;r&aacute;s egyik alapvet&#337; f&oacute;rum&aacute;t.<br><br>1860&ndash;1861-ben Erd&eacute;ly f&#337;korm&aacute;nyz&oacute;ja, majd 1865-t&#337;l Kolozsv&aacute;r k&ouml;vete a pesti Orsz&aacute;ggy&#369;l&eacute;sen. A kiegyez&eacute;st k&ouml;vet&#337; els&#337; magyar korm&aacute;ny k&ouml;zmunka- &eacute;s k&ouml;zleked&eacute;s&uuml;gyi miniszterek&eacute;nt (1867&ndash;1870) nev&eacute;hez f&#369;z&#337;dik a Magyarorsz&aacute;got Erd&eacute;llyel &ouml;sszek&ouml;t&#337; vas&uacute;ti p&aacute;lya ki&eacute;p&iacute;t&eacute;se, valamint az &aacute;llami vas&uacute;tt&aacute;rsas&aacute;g, a mai Magyar &Aacute;llamvasutak Zrt. jogel&#337;dj&eacute;nek megalap&iacute;t&aacute;sa. 1867. febru&aacute;r 20-&aacute;n az Andr&aacute;ssy-korm&aacute;ny miniszterek&eacute;nt Mik&oacute; t&aacute;rcavezet&#337;i tev&eacute;kenys&eacute;g&eacute;t &eacute;s t&ouml;rekv&eacute;seit er&#337;teljesen meghat&aacute;rozta Erd&eacute;ly gazdas&aacute;gi felemelked&eacute;s&eacute;nek k&eacute;rd&eacute;se, k&ouml;zleked&eacute;si infrastrukt&uacute;r&aacute;j&aacute;nak fejleszt&eacute;se.<br><br>&Aacute;tfog&oacute; vas&uacute;tpolitikai elgondol&aacute;sai voltak<br><br>Ugyanakkor a vas&uacute;t&uuml;ggyel kor&aacute;bban is foglalkoz&oacute; &aacute;llamf&eacute;rfinak &aacute;tfog&oacute; vas&uacute;tpolitikai elgondol&aacute;sai voltak a teljes magyarorsz&aacute;gi vas&uacute;th&aacute;l&oacute;zat b&#337;v&iacute;t&eacute;s&eacute;re is. Sz&eacute;chenyi Istv&aacute;n 1848-as terve, valamint az Orsz&aacute;gos Magyar Gazdas&aacute;gi Egyes&uuml;let 1862-es aj&aacute;nl&aacute;sa alapj&aacute;n k&eacute;sz&iacute;tette el 1867-ben Magyarorsz&aacute;g vas&uacute;th&aacute;l&oacute;zata c&iacute;men miniszteri programj&aacute;nak sz&aacute;nt eml&eacute;kirat&aacute;t. &Eacute;rdemei k&ouml;z&ouml;tt tartj&aacute;k sz&aacute;mon, hogy az anyagi neh&eacute;zs&eacute;gekkel k&uuml;zd&#337; Magyar &Eacute;szaki Vas&uacute;t &aacute;llami felv&aacute;s&aacute;rl&aacute;s&aacute;val 1868-ban megalap&iacute;totta a Magyar Kir&aacute;lyi &Aacute;llamvasutakat, valamint miniszters&eacute;ge idej&eacute;n &eacute;p&uuml;lt ki az Erd&eacute;lyt Magyarorsz&aacute;ggal &ouml;sszek&ouml;t&#337; vas&uacute;ti p&aacute;lya.<br><br>Miniszters&eacute;ge alatt, 1868 kar&aacute;csony&aacute;n adt&aacute;k &aacute;t a keleti vas&uacute;t gyulafeh&eacute;rv&aacute;ri sz&aacute;rnyvonal&aacute;t, s f&eacute;l &eacute;vvel lemond&aacute;s&aacute;t k&ouml;vet&#337;en, 1870. szeptember 7-&eacute;n avatt&aacute;k fel a Kolozsv&aacute;r&ndash;Nagyv&aacute;rad k&ouml;z&ouml;tti p&aacute;lyaszakaszt is. Miniszters&eacute;g&eacute;r&#337;l lemondott, a politika &eacute;lvonal&aacute;b&oacute;l a h&aacute;tt&eacute;rbe h&uacute;z&oacute;dott, s k&eacute;t parlamenti ciklust (1865, 1869) k&ouml;vet&#337;en 1872-ben m&aacute;r a k&eacute;pvisel&#337;-v&aacute;laszt&aacute;son sem indult.<br><br>Az 1850-es &eacute;vekben vetette meg Erd&eacute;ly kultur&aacute;lis &eacute;let&eacute;t hossz&uacute; &eacute;vtizedekre meghat&aacute;roz&oacute; int&eacute;zm&eacute;nyek &eacute;s egyes&uuml;letek alapjait. Szint&eacute;n a nev&eacute;hez f&#369;z&#337;dik t&ouml;bbek k&ouml;z&ouml;tt Erd&eacute;ly reform&aacute;tus koll&eacute;giumainak anyagi t&aacute;mogat&aacute;sa, a sepsiszentgy&ouml;rgyi reform&aacute;tus koll&eacute;gium megalap&iacute;t&aacute;sa, valamint az erd&eacute;lyi t&ouml;rt&eacute;net&iacute;r&aacute;s &eacute;s tudom&aacute;nyoss&aacute;g f&oacute;rumainak megteremt&eacute;se.<br><br>1858. augusztus 15-&eacute;n a Magyar Tudom&aacute;nyos Akad&eacute;mia tiszteletbeli, majd 1865. janu&aacute;r 26-&aacute;n igazgat&oacute;s&aacute;gi tagj&aacute;v&aacute; v&aacute;lasztotta. Kolozsv&aacute;r (1854), Marosv&aacute;s&aacute;rhely (1856), Gyulafeh&eacute;rv&aacute;r (1859), Sz&eacute;kelyudvarhely (1859), Szatm&aacute;rn&eacute;meti (1861), Csongr&aacute;d (1861), Nagyb&aacute;nya (1867) &eacute;s Fiume (1869) v&aacute;rosai d&iacute;szpolg&aacute;rukk&aacute; v&aacute;lasztott&aacute;k. 1875 m&aacute;rcius&aacute;ban m&eacute;g eln&ouml;kk&eacute;nt vezette a De&aacute;k-p&aacute;rt &eacute;s a Balk&ouml;z&eacute;p P&aacute;rt egyes&uuml;l&eacute;s&eacute;t kimond&oacute; &uuml;l&eacute;st, 1875 m&aacute;jus&aacute;ban pedig eln&ouml;k&ouml;lt az Erd&eacute;lyi Reform&aacute;tus Egyh&aacute;zker&uuml;let k&ouml;zgy&#369;l&eacute;s&eacute;n.<br><br>1875 v&eacute;g&eacute;t&#337;l betegs&eacute;ge miatt elz&aacute;rk&oacute;zott a k&ouml;z&eacute;lett&#337;l. Sv&eacute;dgr&aacute;nit obeliszk s&iacute;reml&eacute;ke a H&aacute;zsong&aacute;rdi temet&#337;ben tal&aacute;lhat&oacute;. Hal&aacute;l&aacute;t k&ouml;vet&#337;en a magyar Orsz&aacute;ggy&#369;l&eacute;s 1876. szeptember 30-ai &uuml;l&eacute;s&eacute;n eml&eacute;k&eacute;t jegyz&#337;k&ouml;nyvbe iktatta.<br><br> <br><br>Somai J&oacute;zsef<br><br>A szerz&#337; k&ouml;zgazd&aacute;sz, az Erd&eacute;lyi M&uacute;zeum-Egyes&uuml;let (EME) eln&ouml;ks&eacute;gi tagja, a Rom&aacute;niai Magyar K&ouml;zgazd&aacute;sz T&aacute;rsas&aacute;g (RMKT) tiszteletbeli eln&ouml;ke<br><br><br><br><a href="">Megjelent a Kr&oacute;nika napilapban .../a&gt;</a></p>\n"
      "summary" => null
      "format" => "full_html"
    ]
  ]
  "comment" => array:1 [
    0 => array:6 [
      "status" => "2"
      "cid" => "0"
      "last_comment_timestamp" => "1476406800"
      "last_comment_name" => null
      "last_comment_uid" => "0"
      "comment_count" => "0"
    ]
  ]
  "feeds_item" => array:1 [
    0 => array:7 [
      "target_id" => "4"
      "imported" => "1682241120"
      "url" => null
      "guid" => null
      "hash" => "c7e04cd5a542e5406908db0346a354a9"
      "entity" => array:14 [
        "fid" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "4"
          ]
        ]
        "uuid" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "b2555b89-7079-4cac-966b-6093ab50c024"
          ]
        ]
        "type" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "target_id" => "news_importer"
            "entity" => array:18 [
              "uuid" => "dc690445-87a0-42fa-84ec-131035e350e9"
              "langcode" => "hu"
              "status" => true
              "dependencies" => array:2 [
                "config" => array:6 [
                  0 => "field.field.node.article.body"
                  1 => "field.field.node.article.field_image"
                  2 => "field.field.node.article.field_oid"
                  3 => "field.field.node.article.field_tags"
                  4 => "field.field.node.article.field_weboldal"
                  5 => "node.type.article"
                ]
                "module" => array:2 [
                  0 => "feeds_tamper"
                  1 => "node"
                ]
              ]
              "third_party_settings" => array:1 [
                "feeds_tamper" => array:1 [
                  "tampers" => array:4 [
                    "6e220bd4-b329-4945-9bbb-8e18e3fd6ccf" => array:7 [
                      "separator" => ";"
                      "limit" => null
                      "uuid" => "6e220bd4-b329-4945-9bbb-8e18e3fd6ccf"
                      "plugin" => "explode"
                      "source" => "tags"
                      "weight" => 0
                      "label" => "Explode"
                    ]
                    "38e6feae-4d87-4e7b-a51b-f7b2e622c9ba" => array:6 [
                      "text" => "/hir/[url]"
                      "uuid" => "38e6feae-4d87-4e7b-a51b-f7b2e622c9ba"
                      "plugin" => "rewrite"
                      "source" => "0"
                      "weight" => 0
                      "label" => "Rewrite"
                    ]
                    "8f7380c2-7463-468b-a869-d501fcff292b" => array:7 [
                      "default_value" => "Page title feeds"
                      "only_if_empty" => true
                      "uuid" => "8f7380c2-7463-468b-a869-d501fcff292b"
                      "plugin" => "default_value"
                      "source" => "title"
                      "weight" => 0
                      "label" => "Set value or default value"
                    ]
                    "529104c7-62af-4f58-af2c-c994cb5bbc8c" => array:7 [
                      "default_value" => "0"
                      "only_if_empty" => true
                      "uuid" => "529104c7-62af-4f58-af2c-c994cb5bbc8c"
                      "plugin" => "default_value"
                      "source" => "unpublished"
                      "weight" => 0
                      "label" => "Set value or default value"
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              "id" => "news_importer"
              "label" => "News importer"
              "description" => ""
              "help" => ""
              "import_period" => -1
              "fetcher" => "upload"
              "fetcher_configuration" => array:2 [
                "allowed_extensions" => "txt csv tsv xml opml"
                "directory" => "public://feeds"
              ]
              "parser" => "csv"
              "parser_configuration" => array:3 [
                "delimiter" => ","
                "no_headers" => false
                "line_limit" => 100
              ]
              "processor" => "entity:node"
              "processor_configuration" => array:11 [
                "values" => array:1 [
                  "type" => "article"
                ]
                "langcode" => "hu"
                "insert_new" => 1
                "update_existing" => 2
                "update_non_existent" => "_keep"
                "skip_hash_check" => false
                "authorize" => true
                "revision" => false
                "expire" => -1
                "owner_feed_author" => false
                "owner_id" => 0
              ]
              "custom_sources" => array:11 [
                "title" => array:4 [
                  "value" => "title"
                  "label" => "title"
                  "machine_name" => "title"
                  "type" => "csv"
                ]
                "body" => array:4 [
                  "value" => "body"
                  "label" => "body"
                  "machine_name" => "body"
                  "type" => "csv"
                ]
                "image" => array:4 [
                  "value" => "image"
                  "label" => "image"
                  "machine_name" => "image"
                  "type" => "csv"
                ]
                "created" => array:4 [
                  "value" => "created"
                  "label" => "created"
                  "machine_name" => "created"
                  "type" => "csv"
                ]
                "published" => array:4 [
                  "value" => "published"
                  "label" => "published"
                  "machine_name" => "published"
                  "type" => "csv"
                ]
                "unpublished" => array:4 [
                  "value" => "unpublished"
                  "label" => "unpublished"
                  "machine_name" => "unpublished"
                  "type" => "csv"
                ]
                "tags" => array:4 [
                  "value" => "tags"
                  "label" => "tags"
                  "machine_name" => "tags"
                  "type" => "csv"
                ]
                "status" => array:4 [
                  "value" => "status"
                  "label" => "status"
                  "machine_name" => "status"
                  "type" => "csv"
                ]
                "articleid" => array:4 [
                  "value" => "articleid"
                  "label" => "articleid"
                  "machine_name" => "articleid"
                  "type" => "csv"
                ]
                "url" => array:4 [
                  "value" => "url"
                  "label" => "url"
                  "machine_name" => "url"
                  "type" => "csv"
                ]
                0 => array:4 [
                  "value" => "0"
                  "label" => "0"
                  "machine_name" => "0"
                  "type" => "blank"
                ]
              ]
              "mappings" => array:11 [
                0 => array:4 [
                  "target" => "title"
                  "map" => array:1 [
                    "value" => "title"
                  ]
                  "settings" => array:1 [
                    "language" => null
                  ]
                  "unique" => []
                ]
                1 => array:3 [
                  "target" => "body"
                  "map" => array:2 [
                    "value" => "body"
                    "summary" => ""
                  ]
                  "settings" => array:2 [
                    "language" => ""
                    "format" => "full_html"
                  ]
                ]
                2 => array:3 [
                  "target" => "created"
                  "map" => array:1 [
                    "value" => "created"
                  ]
                  "settings" => array:2 [
                    "language" => ""
                    "timezone" => "__SITE__"
                  ]
                ]
                3 => array:3 [
                  "target" => "publish_on"
                  "map" => array:1 [
                    "value" => "published"
                  ]
                  "settings" => array:2 [
                    "language" => ""
                    "timezone" => "__SITE__"
                  ]
                ]
                4 => array:3 [
                  "target" => "unpublish_on"
                  "map" => array:1 [
                    "value" => "unpublished"
                  ]
                  "settings" => array:2 [
                    "language" => ""
                    "timezone" => "__SITE__"
                  ]
                ]
                5 => array:3 [
                  "target" => "field_weboldal"
                  "map" => array:1 [
                    "target_id" => "tags"
                  ]
                  "settings" => array:3 [
                    "language" => ""
                    "reference_by" => "name"
                    "autocreate" => "1"
                  ]
                ]
                6 => array:3 [
                  "target" => "field_tags"
                  "map" => array:1 [
                    "target_id" => "tags"
                  ]
                  "settings" => array:3 [
                    "language" => ""
                    "reference_by" => "name"
                    "autocreate" => "1"
                  ]
                ]
                7 => array:3 [
                  "target" => "status"
                  "map" => array:1 [
                    "value" => "status"
                  ]
                  "settings" => array:1 [
                    "language" => null
                  ]
                ]
                8 => array:4 [
                  "target" => "field_oid"
                  "map" => array:1 [
                    "value" => "articleid"
                  ]
                  "settings" => array:1 [
                    "language" => null
                  ]
                  "unique" => array:1 [
                    "value" => "1"
                  ]
                ]
                9 => array:3 [
                  "target" => "path"
                  "map" => array:2 [
                    "alias" => "url"
                    "pathauto" => "0"
                  ]
                  "settings" => array:1 [
                    "language" => null
                  ]
                ]
                10 => array:3 [
                  "target" => "field_image"
                  "map" => array:3 [
                    "target_id" => "image"
                    "alt" => "title"
                    "title" => "title"
                  ]
                  "settings" => array:4 [
                    "language" => ""
                    "reference_by" => "fid"
                    "existing" => "2"
                    "autocreate" => 0
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            "bundle" => "feeds_feed_type"
          ]
        ]
        "title" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "News importer"
          ]
        ]
        "uid" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "target_id" => "1"
            "entity" => array:64 [
              "uid" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "1"
                ]
              ]
              "uuid" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "7e540cbf-824c-4f98-900b-d3b575b4185a"
                ]
              ]
              "langcode" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "hu"
                ]
              ]
              "preferred_langcode" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "hu"
                ]
              ]
              "preferred_admin_langcode" => []
              "name" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "webmester"
                ]
              ]
              "pass" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "$2y$10$bTVAHJeZmrZhuCoBT4wDFejtoJz73PYqpeaUamDB24kBH1YSWenKK"
                ]
              ]
              "mail" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "office@imageservices.ro"
                ]
              ]
              "timezone" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "Europe/Bucharest"
                ]
              ]
              "status" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "1"
                ]
              ]
              "created" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "1673544013"
                ]
              ]
              "changed" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "1697520786"
                ]
              ]
              "access" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "1756806029"
                ]
              ]
              "login" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "1756806029"
                ]
              ]
              "init" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "office@imageservices.ro"
                ]
              ]
              "roles" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "target_id" => "administrator"
                  "entity" => array:10 [
                    "uuid" => "68007a33-61d4-4a45-9d06-daa931eb87b0"
                    "langcode" => "hu"
                    "status" => true
                    "dependencies" => []
                    "_core" => array:1 [
                      "default_config_hash" => "OeKGIkmZA_c-t6QLH81WNQx8gDCc1MRmxaTuQgxBByU"
                    ]
                    "id" => "administrator"
                    "label" => "Administrator"
                    "weight" => 3
                    "is_admin" => true
                    "permissions" => []
                  ]
                  "bundle" => "user_role"
                ]
              ]
              "default_langcode" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "value" => "1"
                ]
              ]
              "path" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "langcode" => "hu"
                ]
              ]
              "field_a_tag_feliratkozik_a_hirle" => []
              "field__orvosi_szakma" => []
              "field_a_tag_nevenek_szuletesi_ev" => []
              "field_bevezeto" => []
              "field_cnp" => []
              "field_cuim" => []
              "field_date_of_expiration" => []
              "field_date_of_issue" => []
              "field_e_mail" => []
              "field_egyetemi_hallgato" => []
              "field_firstname" => []
              "field_fogalkozas" => []
              "field_i_have_a_romanian_personal" => []
              "field_id_validation_type" => []
              "field_iranyitoszam" => []
              "field_iranyitoszam_levelezes" => []
              "field_issuer_of_id_passport" => []
              "field_levelezes_telepules_egyeb" => []
              "field_levelezesi_cim" => []
              "field_mail_same_residency" => []
              "field_megye" => []
              "field_megye_levelezes" => []
              "field_munkahely_kepzesi" => []
              "field_name" => []
              "field_nr_of_id_passport" => []
              "field_nyug_elott_foglalkozas" => []
              "field_nyugallomanyu" => []
              "field_oneletrajz" => []
              "field_orvosi_egyetemi_szint" => []
              "field_orvosi_klinikai_szint" => []
              "field_orvosi_megnevezes" => []
              "field_orvosi_szakterulet" => []
              "field_orvosi_tagdij_tipusa" => []
              "field_phone_number" => []
              "field_place_of_birth" => []
              "field_postacim" => []
              "field_szakosztaly" => []
              "field_szuletesi_datum" => []
              "field_tagdij_tipusa" => []
              "field_tagsag_kezdete" => []
              "field_telepules_egyeb" => []
              "field_telepules_levelezes" => []
              "field_telepules_magyar_neve" => []
              "field_tudomasul_vettem_az_adatve" => []
              "field_utolso_fizetes" => []
              "user_picture" => []
            ]
            "bundle" => "user"
          ]
        ]
        "status" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "1"
          ]
        ]
        "created" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "1676991378"
          ]
        ]
        "changed" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "1682241311"
          ]
        ]
        "imported" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "1682241312"
          ]
        ]
        "next" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "-1"
          ]
        ]
        "queued" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "0"
          ]
        ]
        "source" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "public://feeds/news_5.csv"
          ]
        ]
        "config" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "fetcher" => array:2 [
              "fid" => "8958"
              "usage_id" => "9475ec3c-4be1-436f-ac6d-3e438df4a4dd"
            ]
            "parser" => array:2 [
              "delimiter" => ","
              "no_headers" => 0
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "item_count" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "1578"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "bundle" => "news_importer"
    ]
  ]
  "field_gallery" => []
  "field_image" => array:1 [
    0 => array:7 [
      "target_id" => "9480"
      "alt" => "Emlékezés „Erdély Széchenyijére" "
      "title" => "Emlékezés „Erdély Széchenyijére" "
      "width" => "397"
      "height" => "500"
      "entity" => array:11 [
        "fid" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "9480"
          ]
        ]
        "uuid" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "9a677cb1-c027-45ab-87aa-64ea246015f4"
          ]
        ]
        "langcode" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "hu"
          ]
        ]
        "uid" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "target_id" => "1"
            "message" => "Recursion detected."
            "array_path" => "feeds_item.0.entity.uid.0.entity"
          ]
        ]
        "filename" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "0568e81f-3b7e-43e3-91b4-2799e59c8442.jpeg"
          ]
        ]
        "uri" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "public://2023-04/0568e81f-3b7e-43e3-91b4-2799e59c8442.jpeg"
          ]
        ]
        "filemime" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "image/jpeg"
          ]
        ]
        "filesize" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "161394"
          ]
        ]
        "status" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "1"
          ]
        ]
        "created" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "1682241120"
          ]
        ]
        "changed" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "value" => "1682241120"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "bundle" => "file"
    ]
  ]
  "field_oid" => array:1 [
    0 => array:1 [
      "value" => "115834"
    ]
  ]
  "field_tags" => []
  "field_weboldal" => []
]